2024年6月25日托福考试真题阅读
在学习、工作生活中，我们会经常接触并使用试题，通过试题可以检测参试者所掌握的知识和技能。一份好的试题都是什么样子的呢？以下是小编为大家整理的2024年6月25日托福考试真题阅读，希望能够帮助到大家。
6月25日托福考试真题阅读 1
Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective
1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.
2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.
3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their banks, and should not enter their passwords.
4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.
5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.
6."The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image," said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. "From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time."
7.He added: "If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better," he said.
8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.
9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.
10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.
11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.
12.SiteKey "gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site," said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. "It was very well received."
13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.
14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the banks Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. "Its not like were betting the bank on SiteKey," he said.
15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a users PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mothers maiden name.
16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.
17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, "has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers," Ms. Dhamija said. "Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself."
(811 words)
Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.
2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didnt log on without seeing the correct pictures.
3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.
4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.
5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.
Questions 6-13 Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?
7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?
8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?
9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.
10.Where is PassMark Security located?
11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among online banking customers?
12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?
13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?
Answer keys
1. 第一段"Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection."似与问题文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一个措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。原文没有其它secondary security measure安全有效性的内容。故应选择NG。
2. 见第4、5段内容。第四段 "But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images."即研究人员撤下了图形，第五段"Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns."，有两个人因为安全考虑未进入。
3. T 见第6段。
4. F 见第11、14段。
5. F 见第11段"Bank of America was among the first to adopt it"，可见首批采用图形识别软件的银行并非Bank of America一家。
6. A financial institution 见第二段。
7. (their) passwords 见第三段。
8. less convenience 见第十段。
9. identity 见第八、十段。
10. Silicon Valley 见第十一段。
11. easy to use 见第十二段。
12. site maintenance message 见第十三段"When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured."
13. 4 分别见第十段的"download new security software"和"hardware devices that feed them PIN codes"，第十五段的."a small software program, called a cookie"，以及本文提到的site-authentication images。
6月25日托福考试真题阅读 2
You have your dream interview lined up. Buthow do you ensure that you get the best possiblesalary?
While the pay for junior-level positions is typicallyfixed, mid- to senior-level employees and managershave more flexibility to negotiate their salaries. Hereare some tips from recruiters and human-resourcemanagers that can help improve your chances ofsnagging a high salary.
1. Research, research, research
To get a better salary, begin by figuring out whats the highest you can get. Do goodhomework on what are the prevailing salaries for a similar role in the industry, says SanjayPandit, managing director of recruiting firm Manpower Services India.
This is easier said than done, because companies dont exactly publish their pay scales inthe newspaper.
Ask your friends or trustworthy colleagues about potential salaries for someone with yourrelevant experience and skills. If you are working through a recruiting company, they might beable to give you a range.
Finally, you can try using networking web sites like LinkedIn to connect with people in thefield or company you are applying to, who in turn could provide you with some guidance.
It might help to dig through the annual reports of the company you are applying to andread recent news reports, in order to figure out how the company is doing financially. A largerand more successful company can afford to pay higher salaries than a smaller or struggling one.
2. Curb your eagerness
As with any negotiation, if you convey your eagerness for something, you lose yourbargaining power. Whoever shows more interest always gets less, says Sanjay Muthal,managing director of executive search firm NuGrid Consulting Pvt. Ltd., in Mumbai.
Candidates need to strike a balance between appearing interested in the particular job,and not appearing too eager.
Mr. Muthal advises talking about macro issues such as the role youre applying for andpotential responsibilities, rather than discussing the nitty-gritty of expected pay. If yougenerate a terrific impression, then salary follows, he says.
3. Wait to be asked
Candidates should not begin the salary discussion because that makes themcome acrossas being too money-minded, says Zak Parker, regional HR director of North Africa, Middle East& Southern Asia for security services firm G4S PLC.
Wait for the company to start the salary negotiation. It might help to delay the discussiontill all interview rounds are over. The further along you are in the interview process, the moreinterested the hiring managers would be in you. That puts you in a better position to ask for ahigher salary, because the manager might go back to the human resources team or thebudgeting team to ask for more money for you.
Language Points:
Exam Focus:
(1)
A Ask friends for help.
B Digging through daily newspaper.
C Try to get connected with your recruitingcompany.
D Surf the Internet for more details.
(2)
A If you are interested in your job, you will be better paid.
B Eagerness is essential in that it gives your employer more pressure on salary issue.
C Make sure to get a job that you are interested in.
D Try to hide your feelings so as not to lose the bargaining power.
Oral Topic:
In what way can you persuade your boss to raise your salary?
Keys:
(1) B
(2) D
参考译文：
你终于得到梦寐以求的那家公司的面试机会，但如何才能为自己争取到最好的薪酬水平?
企业普通岗位的工资水平通常是固定的，但中高层雇员和经理有更大的灵活性来谈判自己的薪酬。现在，招聘专家和人力资源经理告诉你八个小窍门，让你更有可能谈妥一个高工资。
1. 研究，研究，再研究
要争取到更高的薪水，得先弄清楚自己能拿到的最高薪酬是多少。印度职介公司Manpower ServicesIndia总经理潘迪特(Sanjay Pandit)说，要好好研究一下该行业类似职位的主流薪酬状况。
说起来容易，做起来难，因为企业不会把自己的薪酬情况堂而皇之刊登在报纸上面。
你可以问朋友或值得信赖的同事，拥有像你这样资历和技能的人大致能拿到多少工资。如果有招聘公司为你提供服务，他们也许能够给你一个大致的薪酬区间。
最后，你可以尝试使用LinkedIn这样的社交网络，与你想申请的领域或企业的人建立联系，他们能给你一些建议。
研究意向企业的年报或查看近期的相关报导也可能管用，这样可以了解那家企业的经济实力。与规模较小或经营困难的`企业相比，一家更大更成功的企业开出来的工资会更高。
2. 不要表现得迫不及待
在任何谈判中，如果你表现出自己渴望得到某样东西，就会失去谈判的筹码。印度孟买猎头公司NuGridConsulting Pvt. Ltd.的总经理穆沙尔(Sanjay Muthal)说，你表现得越有兴趣，得到的反而越少。
应聘者应该保持不温不火的态度，既展现出对特定职位的兴趣，又不至于让人感觉你已迫不及待。
穆沙尔建议应聘者多谈论一些宏观层面上的东西，如你申请的职位及其职责等，而不要在预期薪酬这种细枝末节上纠缠不清。他说，如果你给面试官留下很好的印象，薪酬自然会水涨船高。
3. 不要主动问薪水问题
安全服务提供商杰富仕公司(G4S PLC)负责北非、中东、南亚区域的人力资源主管帕克尔(Zak Parker)说，应聘者不应该主动提出薪水问题，因为这会让人觉得你满脑子只想着钱。
等待招聘方起头开始薪酬方面的讨论。等整个面试过程结束后再来讨论相关问题也是个不错的选择。你的面试时间越长，招聘经理就会对你越感兴趣，就更有利于你提出更高薪酬的要求，因为招聘经理可能回头会去找人力资源部门或预算部门，提出为你增加薪酬。
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